Trissexodon constrictus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	MOLLUSCA	GASTROPODA	STYLOMMATOPHORA	TRISSEXODONTIDAE

Scientific Name:	Trissexodon constrictus
Species Authority:	(Boubée, 1836)

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2011

Assessor/s:

Gomez, B.

Reviewer/s:

Neubert, E., Seddon, M. & Livingstone, S.

Contributor/s:

Seddon, M.

Justification:
This species is endemic to Spain found in the western Pyrenees and the Basque Country. Although this species has a restricted range it does not meet either population decline or range decline criteria. The main threats to this species are residential, commercial and road and rail infrastructures development, agriculture and forestry. These activities have caused a modification of the natural system in large extensions, in the past and in the present. Nevertheless, there are large areas where the habitat has remained unchanged. This species is listed as Least Concern.
This species has also been assessed at the European level and is listed as Least Concern.

History:

1996	–	Lower Risk/least concern
1994	–	Rare (Groombridge 1994)
1990	–	Indeterminate (IUCN 1990)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species is endemic to Spain and France found in the western Pyrenees and the Basque Country. In France it is distributed from the Department of Hautes Pyrénées to Department of Atlantiques-Pyrenees in the West. In Spain it is found to be widespread in suitable habitats in the the Basque mountains (Altonaga et al, 2004).
Countries:	Native: France (France (mainland)); Spain (Spain (mainland))

Population [top]

Population:	There are no population studies. But the enlargement of urban areas and the construction of new road and train infrastructures are causing a decline in the extent of habitat.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This species is virtually endogenous. It lives under rocks buried in the ground within deciduous forests or in very humid and shady areas. Occasionally, it may appear in cave openings.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	In Spain, the main threats to this species are residential, commercial and road and rail infrastructures development, and agriculture and forestry, and these activities have caused a modification of the natural system in large extensions, in the past and in the present (Gomez, pers. comm., 2010). Nevertheless, there are large areas where the habitat has remained unchanged. In France some sites are close to large and active quarries, where impact from dust pollution and habitat loss have reduced the area and quality of beech forest.

Major Threat(s):

In Spain, the main threats to this species are residential, commercial and road and rail infrastructures development, and agriculture and forestry,
and these activities have caused a modification of the natural system in large extensions, in the past and in the present (Gomez, pers. comm., 2010). Nevertheless, there are large areas where the habitat has remained unchanged. In France some sites are close to large and active quarries, where impact from dust pollution and habitat loss have reduced the area and quality of beech forest.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation actions are not needed for this species; it was not listed as threatened in the Spanish Red List (Verdu and Galante, 2009). Originally listed as Rare in Wells and Chatfield (1992), then listed on the 1994 Red List, in 1996, the species was recognised as being a restricted range taxa that was under-recorded due to the cryptic habitat and changed to Least Concern (Seddon, pers. comm., 2010).

Conservation Actions:

Conservation actions are not needed for this species; it was not listed as threatened in the Spanish Red List (Verdu and Galante, 2009). Originally listed as Rare in Wells and Chatfield (1992), then listed on the 1994 Red List, in 1996, the species was recognised as being a restricted range taxa that was under-recorded due to the cryptic habitat and changed to Least Concern (Seddon, pers. comm., 2010).

Bibliography [top]

	Altonaga, K., Gómez, B., Martín, R., Prieto, C.E., Puente, A.I. and Rallo, A. 1994. Estudio faunístico y biogeográfico de los moluscos terrestres del norte de la Península Ibérica. Parlamento Vasco, Vitoria. Bouchet, P. 1990. Rev. Ecol. 45: 259-288. IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011). Prieto, C.E. 1986. Estudio sistemático y biogeográfico de los Helicidae sensu Zilch, 1959-60 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) del País Vasco y regiones adyacentes. Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.. Puente, A.I. 1994. Estudio taxonómico y biogeográfico de la superfamilia Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Verdú, J.R. and Galante, E. 2006. Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid. Wells, S.M. and Chatfield, J.E. 1992. Threatened non-marine molluscs of Europe. Nature and Environment (Council of Europe) No 64.

Altonaga, K., Gómez, B., Martín, R., Prieto, C.E., Puente, A.I. and Rallo, A. 1994. Estudio faunístico y biogeográfico de los moluscos terrestres del norte de la Península Ibérica. Parlamento Vasco, Vitoria.

Bouchet, P. 1990. Rev. Ecol. 45: 259-288.

IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 16 June 2011).

Prieto, C.E. 1986. Estudio sistemático y biogeográfico de los Helicidae sensu Zilch, 1959-60 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) del País Vasco y regiones adyacentes. Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea..

Puente, A.I. 1994. Estudio taxonómico y biogeográfico de la superfamilia Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.

Verdú, J.R. and Galante, E. 2006. Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid.

Wells, S.M. and Chatfield, J.E. 1992. Threatened non-marine molluscs of Europe. Nature and Environment (Council of Europe) No 64.

Citation:	Gomez, B. 2011. Trissexodon constrictus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 09 February 2012.
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