Haplochromis macrognathus
| Kingdom |
Phylum |
Class |
Order |
Family |
| ANIMALIA |
CHORDATA |
ACTINOPTERYGII |
PERCIFORMES |
CICHLIDAE |
| Scientific Name: |
Haplochromis macrognathus |
| Species Authority: |
Regan, 1922 |
| Synonym/s: |
Prognathochromis macrognathus (Regan, 1922)
|
Assessment Information
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| Red List Category & Criteria: |
Critically Endangered
C2a(ii)
ver 3.1
|
| Year Assessed: |
2010 |
| Assessor/s: |
Witte, F., de Zeeuw, M.P. & Brooks, E. |
| Reviewer/s: |
Darwall, W. & Smith, K. |
Justification:
The population density in the Northern part of the Mwanza Gulf suffered a significant decline of over 90% in the 1980s, due to the introduction of the Nile Perch (Lates niloticus). The Nile Perch density has declined since 1990s. Whilst many Haplochromis species suffered dramatic population crashes, many have shown signs of recovery in the last few years, however this species has not been seen since 1985 despite repeated surveys within its known range. If it is still present it is likely to be extremely rare with very few individuals, but it may now be Extinct.
|
| History: |
| 1996 |
– |
Extinct
|
| 1996 |
– |
Extinct
(Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
|
|
Geographic Range
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| Range Description: |
This species is endemic to Lake Victoria. It has been recorded in surveys carried out in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (Greenwood 1981).
|
| Countries: |
Possibly extinct:
Kenya; Tanzania, United Republic of; Uganda
|
| Range Map: |
(click map to view full version)
|
Population
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| Population: |
This species has declined in numbers dramatically since 1980. Frequency of daily occurrence in large trawl shots in northern Mwanza Gulf (based on 26 sampling days) showed a decrease from 50% in 1978 to 0% in 1987, and 0% for 1999-2008.
|
| Population Trend: |
Decreasing
|
Habitat and Ecology
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| Habitat and Ecology: |
The species has been found over sand and mud in the littoral and sub-littoral zone. It is classified as a piscivore (sensu stricto).
|
| Systems: |
Freshwater |
| Major Threat(s): |
The main threat to this species is predation by Nile Perch (a potentially reversible threat). It is also potentially threatened by hybridization due to decreased water transparency (on account of eutrophication and erosion leading to increased sedimentation and runoff) interfering with mate recognition visual cues (Mrosso et al. 2003). This species is fished, although not targeted specifically.
|
Conservation Actions
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| Conservation Actions: |
Many fish species within Lake Victoria have suffered severe and dramatic declines since the introduction of the Nile Perch. Although numbers of the perch have now decreased, the degradation of the water quality is also thought to be having a significant impact on some fish species. More research is needed to monitor this species and how it is affected by these threats, as well as establishing the extent of its range within the lake. Policy based action is needed to decrease the degradation of the lake, as well as to prevent over fishing. Protected areas should also be established.
|
Bibliography
[top]
|
Greenwood, P.H. 1962. A revision of the Lake Victoria Haplochromis species (Pisces, Cichlidae), Part V. Bulletin British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 9: 139-214.
IUCN. 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2010.3). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 2 September 2010).
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