Amphilophus rhytisma

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	PERCIFORMES	CICHLIDAE

Scientific Name:

Amphilophus rhytisma

Species Authority:

(López, 1983)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Pearl Cichlid
Spanish	–	Mojarra

Synonym/s:

Astatheros rhytisma (López, 1983)

Cichlasoma rhytisma López S., 1983

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:	2009
Assessor/s:	Snoeks, J., Laleye, P. & Contreras-MacBeath, T.
Reviewer/s:	Collen, B., Darwall, W., Ram, M. & Smith, K. (SRLI Freshwater Fish Evaluation Workshop)
Justification: Although this species is geographically relatively restricted, no significant threats are operating in its environment. The area is currently intact and conservation actions are in place, potentially securing its future. It is also likely to be present in numerous locations. This species has therefore been assessed as Least Concern.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	This species occurs in the Sixaola River basin, on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica. The river basin covers an area of 2,872 km².
Countries:	Native: Costa Rica (Costa Rica (main island))
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	The population appears to be currently stable, although detailed information is unknown.
Population Trend:	Stable

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	A. rhytisma is a benthopelagic fish that prefers moderate to fast flowing rivers between 40 and 60 m elevation.
Systems:	Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	There are no threats acting on its distribution range which runs on subsistence farming and small-scale cash crop operations. Many of the rivers, including tributaries, are intact and likely to remain that way. There are no industrial or urban centres nearby.

Major Threat(s):

There are no threats acting on its distribution range which runs on subsistence farming and small-scale cash crop operations. Many of the rivers, including tributaries, are intact and likely to remain that way. There are no industrial or urban centres nearby.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	More than 80% of the Sixaola River basin is either a natural protected area or an indigenous reserve, yet this system faces several threats originating mainly from the lack of bi-national coordination in establishing the management plans for the bi-national area. A Global Environment Facility project, titled Integrated Ecosystem Management of the Binational Sixaola River Basin, is also in place. The project's overall objectives are to protect biodiversity of linked upstream and downstream ecosystems of global significance (International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network 2004).

Conservation Actions:

More than 80% of the Sixaola River basin is either a natural protected area or an indigenous reserve, yet this system faces several threats originating mainly from the lack of bi-national coordination in establishing the management plans for the bi-national area. A Global Environment Facility project, titled Integrated Ecosystem Management of the Binational Sixaola River Basin, is also in place. The project's overall objectives are to protect biodiversity of linked upstream and downstream ecosystems of global significance (International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network 2004).

Bibliography [top]

	Bussing, W.A. 1998. Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Conkel, D. 1993. Cichlids of North and Central America. T.F.H. Publications, Inc, Neptune City, New Jersey, USA. Froese, R. and Pauly, D. 2006. FishBase. Available at: www.fishbase.org. International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network. 2004. Sixaola River - Project Concept Paper. Isaza, C.F.A., Sierra-Correa, P.C., Bernal-Velasquez, M., Londoño, L.M. and Troncoso, W. 2006. Global International Waters Assessment Caribbean Sea/Colombia & Venezuela, Central America & Mexico, GIWA Regional assessment 3b, 3c. University of Kalmar on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme. IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2009.2). Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 3 November 2009). Jordan, O., Sagastizabal, D, and Ankersen, T. 1999. The Talamanca-Sixaola Watershed: Tightening the Ties of Cooperation A Contribution to the Interamerican Water Management Dialog. University of Florida Levin College of Law. Kullander, S.O. 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, pp. 605-654. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. University of Idaho. 2004. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Production in Tropical and Temperate Fragmented Landscapes. Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting of the University of Idaho and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Centre (CATIE) IGERT Project. Moscow, Idaho. Varjo, M., Koli, L. and Dahlström, H. 2004. Kalannimiluettelo. Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. Wu, H.L., Shao, K.T. and Lai, C.F. 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

Bussing, W.A. 1998. Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

Conkel, D. 1993. Cichlids of North and Central America. T.F.H. Publications, Inc, Neptune City, New Jersey, USA.

Froese, R. and Pauly, D. 2006. FishBase. Available at: www.fishbase.org.

International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network. 2004. Sixaola River - Project Concept Paper.

Isaza, C.F.A., Sierra-Correa, P.C., Bernal-Velasquez, M., Londoño, L.M. and Troncoso, W. 2006. Global International Waters Assessment Caribbean Sea/Colombia & Venezuela, Central America & Mexico, GIWA Regional assessment 3b, 3c. University of Kalmar on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme.

IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2009.2). Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 3 November 2009).

Jordan, O., Sagastizabal, D, and Ankersen, T. 1999. The Talamanca-Sixaola Watershed: Tightening the Ties of Cooperation A Contribution to the Interamerican Water Management Dialog. University of Florida Levin College of Law.

Kullander, S.O. 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds), Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, pp. 605-654. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.

University of Idaho. 2004. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Production in Tropical and Temperate Fragmented Landscapes. Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting of the University of Idaho and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Centre (CATIE) IGERT Project. Moscow, Idaho.

Varjo, M., Koli, L. and Dahlström, H. 2004. Kalannimiluettelo. Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry.

Wu, H.L., Shao, K.T. and Lai, C.F. 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.

Citation:	Snoeks, J., Laleye, P. & MacBeath, T. 2009. Amphilophus rhytisma. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 May 2012.
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