Hemignathus ellisianus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PASSERIFORMES	FRINGILLIDAE

Scientific Name:

Hemignathus ellisianus

Species Authority:

(Gray, 1859)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Greater Akialoa

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Extinct ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Gilroy, J., Butchart, S., Bird, J.

History:

2004	–	Not Recognized
2000	–	Not Recognized
1994	–	Not Recognized
1988	–	Not Recognized

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Akialoa ellisiana forms a complex of three subspecies, all of which are now considered extinct. The nominate form H. e. ellisiana was endemic the mountains of Oahu, Hawai`i, USA⁶. It is known from only two specimens collected in 1837³, although there were undocumented reports in 1937 and 1940². H. e. lanaiensis was found on Lanai, Hawai`i⁶. It is known from only three specimens, collected in 1892⁴. In addition, fossil material allied to this taxon has been found on Molokai and Maui³. H. e. stejnegeri was found on Kauai, Hawai`i^3,6. It survived for the longest of any of the three subspecies, in Kauai's Alaka`i Wilderness Preserve, but has not been recorded since 1969³.
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Range Description:

Akialoa ellisiana forms a complex of three subspecies, all of which are now considered extinct. The nominate form H. e. ellisiana was endemic the mountains of Oahu, Hawai`i, USA⁶. It is known from only two specimens collected in 1837³, although there were undocumented reports in 1937 and 1940². H. e. lanaiensis was found on Lanai, Hawai`i⁶. It is known from only three specimens, collected in 1892⁴. In addition, fossil material allied to this taxon has been found on Molokai and Maui³. H. e. stejnegeri was found on Kauai, Hawai`i^3,6. It survived for the longest of any of the three subspecies, in Kauai's Alaka`i Wilderness Preserve, but has not been recorded since 1969³.

Range Map:

Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It inhabited montane koa-`ohi`a forest.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	All three subspecies are thought to have been driven to extinction by habitat destruction and disease¹.

Major Threat(s):

All three subspecies are thought to have been driven to extinction by habitat destruction and disease¹.

Bibliography [top]

	Collar, N. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Stattersfield, A. J. 1994. Birds to watch 2: the world list of threatened birds. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K. Greenway, J. C. 1967. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. Dover Publications, New York. Olson, S. L.; James, H. F. 1995. Nomenclature of the Hawaiian Akialoas and Nukupuus (Aves: Drepanidini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108: 373-387. Pratt, H. D.; Bruner, P. L.; Berrett, D. G. 1987. A field guide to the birds of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Stattersfield, A. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Long, A. J.; Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic bird areas of the world: priorities for bird conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Collar, N. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Stattersfield, A. J. 1994. Birds to watch 2: the world list of threatened birds. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Greenway, J. C. 1967. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. Dover Publications, New York.

Olson, S. L.; James, H. F. 1995. Nomenclature of the Hawaiian Akialoas and Nukupuus (Aves: Drepanidini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108: 373-387.

Pratt, H. D.; Bruner, P. L.; Berrett, D. G. 1987. A field guide to the birds of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Stattersfield, A. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Long, A. J.; Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic bird areas of the world: priorities for bird conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2008. Hemignathus ellisianus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 May 2012.
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