Notropis orca

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	CYPRINIFORMES	CYPRINIDAE

Scientific Name:

Notropis orca

Species Authority:

Woolman, 1895

Common Name/s:

English

–

Phantom Shiner

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Extinct ver 2.3

Year Published:

1996

Annotations:

Needs updating

Assessor/s:

World Conservation Monitoring Centre

Justification:
The Phantom Shiner has not been found in New Mexico since 1939, and the last record overall was in 1975. A survey in 1986-1987 failed to reveal its presence in the Rio Grande in New Mexico.

History:

1994	–	Extinct (Groombridge 1994)
1990	–	Extinct (IUCN 1990)
1988	–	Extinct (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1988)
1986	–	Extinct (IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre 1986)

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Notropis orca was known from the Rio Grande, occurring from the mouth of the river to northern central New Mexico.
Countries:	Regionally extinct: Mexico; United States
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	This was a subtropical, demersal freshwater species formerly found in the main channel of the Rio Grande, usually over sand and often in turbid water.
Systems:	Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	The most important factor in bringing about decline of this species may have been the dewatering of the habitat though diversions, dams, and droughts. In addition, dams may have changed the character of the habitat, to the point of making it unsuitable for the species, for example, by altering downstream rates of flow, temperature regimes, and stream morphology. Dams also prevent floods, which may be critical to the phantom shiner, particularly regarding reproduction. Another contributing factor in the demise of this species is pollution, including that from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources. Predation by and competition with introduced fishes probably also contributed to extinction of phantom shiner.

Major Threat(s):

The most important factor in bringing about decline of this species may have been the dewatering of the habitat though diversions, dams, and droughts. In addition, dams may have changed the character of the habitat, to the point of making it unsuitable for the species, for example, by altering downstream rates of flow, temperature regimes, and stream morphology. Dams also prevent floods, which may be critical to the phantom shiner, particularly regarding reproduction. Another contributing factor in the demise of this species is pollution, including that from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources. Predation by and competition with introduced fishes probably also contributed to extinction of phantom shiner.

Bibliography [top]

	Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Bestgen, K.R. and Platania, S.P. 1987. The status of the bluntnose and phantom shiners in the Rio Grande drainage of New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, contract 516.6-73-23, final report: 1-91. Groombridge, B. 1992. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. Report compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Chapman and Hall, London. Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1988. 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Spring 1996. Threatened and Endangered Species of New Mexico - 1996 Biennial Review and Recommendations. Authority: Wildlife Conservation Act (NMSA 17-2-37 through 17-2-46, 1978). Page, L.M. and Burr, B.M. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.

Bestgen, K.R. and Platania, S.P. 1987. The status of the bluntnose and phantom shiners in the Rio Grande drainage of New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, contract 516.6-73-23, final report: 1-91.

Groombridge, B. 1992. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. Report compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Chapman and Hall, London.

Groombridge, B. (ed.). 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN. 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1986. 1986 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1988. 1988 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Spring 1996. Threatened and Endangered Species of New Mexico - 1996 Biennial Review and Recommendations. Authority: Wildlife Conservation Act (NMSA 17-2-37 through 17-2-46, 1978).

Page, L.M. and Burr, B.M. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Citation:	World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Notropis orca. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 May 2012.
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