Neofelis diardi ssp. diardi

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CARNIVORA	FELIDAE

Scientific Name:

Neofelis diardi ssp. diardi

Infra-specific Authority:

(G. Cuvier, 1823)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Sumatran Clouded Leopard

Synonym/s:

Neofelis diardi Wilting <i>et al</i>., 2007 [invalid name] ssp. sumatrensis

Taxonomic Notes:

Classically considered a single species, the Clouded Leopard has recently been split into two species. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, chromosomal differences and pelage characteristics, Neofelis nebulosa is restricted to mainland Southeast Asia, and N. diardi, the Sunda or Sundaland Clouded Leopard, is found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Buckley-Beason et al. 2006; Kitchener et al. 2006, 2007; Wilting et al. 2007a, 2007b; Eizirik et al. submitted). Based on genetic analysis, Wilting et al. (2007b) recognized two distinct subspecies of N. diardi: the Bornean Clouded Leopard N. d. borneensis and the Sumatran Clouded Leopard N. d. diardi (although the latter designation was based on a small sample size of three and further samples are required for confirmation).

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Endangered C2a(i) ver 3.1
Year Published:	2008
Assessor/s:	Sunarto, Sanderson, J. & Wilting, A.
Reviewer/s:	Nowell, K., Breitenmoser-Wursten, C., Breitenmoser, U. (Cat Red List Authority) & Schipper, J. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)
Justification: Santiapillai and Ashby (1988) found confirmed evidence for clouded leopards in six areas comprising just 3% of Sumatra's land area. Density in one of these areas (the Tesso Nilo - Bukit Tigapuluh Conservation Landscape) was estimated at 1.6 adults per 100 km² by camera trapping (Hutujulu et al. 2007), much lower than densities found on Borneo, probably in part due to its sympatry with the larger Sumatran tiger, whereas on Borneo there are no larger felid competitors. Clouded leopards are forest-dependent, and a continuing decline is suspected due to high deforestation rates, occurring outside protected areas (3.2-5.9%/yr: Achard et al. 2002, FWI/GFW 2001, Uryu et al. 2007), but also, to a lesser extent, inside protected areas (Gaveau et al. 2007, Kinnaird et al. 2003, Linkie et al. 2004). With a fragmented, low density population, the effective population size of the Sumatran clouded leopard is probably less than 2,500 mature individuals, with no subpopulation having an effective population size greater than 250 mature individuals (IUCN Cats Red List Workshop 2007).

Geographic Range [top]

Countries:	Native: Indonesia (Sumatera)
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population Trend:	Decreasing

Population Trend:

Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Systems:	Terrestrial

Systems:

Terrestrial

Bibliography [top]

	Achard, F., Eva, H. D., Stibig, H. J., Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T. and Malingreau, J. P. 2002. Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests. Science 297: 999-1002. Buckley-Beason, V. A., Johnson, W. E., Nash, W. G., Stanyon, R., Menninger, J. C., Driscoll, C. A., Howard, J., Bush, M., Page, J. E., Roelke, M. E., Stone, G., Martelli, P. P., Wen, C., Ling, L., Duraisingam, R. K., Lam, P. V. and O'Brien, S. J. 2006. Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards. Current Biology 16: 2371-2376. Eizirik, E., Johnson, W. E. and O'Brien, S. J. Submitted. Molecular systematics and revised classification of the family Felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora). Journal of Mammalogy. Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch. 2001. Potret keadaan hutan Indonesia. Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch, Bogor. Gaveau, D. L. A., Wandonoc, H. and Setiabudid, F. 2007. Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: Have protected areas halted forest loss and logging, and promoted re-growth? Biological Conservation 134(4): 495-504. Hutujulu, B., Sunarto, Klenzendorf, S., Supriatna, J., Budiman, A. and Yahya, A. 2007. Study on the ecological characteristics of clouded leopard in Riau, Sumatra. In: J. Hughes and M. Mercer (eds), Felid Biology and Conservation Conference 17-20 September 2007 Abstracts, pp. 122. WildCRU, Oxford, UK. Kinnaird, M. F., Sanderson, E. W., O'Brien, S. J., Wibisono, H. T. and Woolmer G. 2003. Deforestation trends in a tropical landscape and implications for endangered large mammals. Conservation Biology 17(1): 245–257. Kitchener, A. C., Beaumont, M. A. and Richardson, D. 2006. Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species. Current Biology 16: 2377-2383. Kitchener, A. C., Richardson, D. and Beaumont, M. A. 2007. A new old clouded leopard. Cat News 46: 26-27. Linkie, M., Smith, R. J. and Leader-Williams, N. 2004. Mapping and predicting deforestation patterns in the lowlands of Sumatra. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 1809-1818. Santiapillai, C. and Ashby, K. R. 1988. The Clouded leopard in Sumatra. Oryx 22(1): 44. Uryu, Y. 2008. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and CO2 emissions in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia. WWF Indonesia Technical Report, Jakarta, Indonesia. Wilting A., Buckley-Beason, V. A., Feldhaar, H., Gadau, J., O’Brien, S. J. and Linsenmair, S. E. 2007. Clouded leopard phylogeny revisited: support for species and subspecies recognition. Frontiers in Zoology 4: 15. Wilting, A., Feldhaar, H., Buckley-Beason, V. A., Linsenmair, K. E. and O'Brien, S. J. 2007. Two modern species of clouded leopards: a molecular perspective. Cat News 47: 10-11.

Achard, F., Eva, H. D., Stibig, H. J., Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T. and Malingreau, J. P. 2002. Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests. Science 297: 999-1002.

Buckley-Beason, V. A., Johnson, W. E., Nash, W. G., Stanyon, R., Menninger, J. C., Driscoll, C. A., Howard, J., Bush, M., Page, J. E., Roelke, M. E., Stone, G., Martelli, P. P., Wen, C., Ling, L., Duraisingam, R. K., Lam, P. V. and O'Brien, S. J. 2006. Molecular Evidence for Species-Level Distinctions in Clouded Leopards. Current Biology 16: 2371-2376.

Eizirik, E., Johnson, W. E. and O'Brien, S. J. Submitted. Molecular systematics and revised classification of the family Felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora). Journal of Mammalogy.

Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch. 2001. Potret keadaan hutan Indonesia. Forest Watch Indonesia and Global Forest Watch, Bogor.

Gaveau, D. L. A., Wandonoc, H. and Setiabudid, F. 2007. Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: Have protected areas halted forest loss and logging, and promoted re-growth? Biological Conservation 134(4): 495-504.

Hutujulu, B., Sunarto, Klenzendorf, S., Supriatna, J., Budiman, A. and Yahya, A. 2007. Study on the ecological characteristics of clouded leopard in Riau, Sumatra. In: J. Hughes and M. Mercer (eds), Felid Biology and Conservation Conference 17-20 September 2007 Abstracts, pp. 122. WildCRU, Oxford, UK.

Kinnaird, M. F., Sanderson, E. W., O'Brien, S. J., Wibisono, H. T. and Woolmer G. 2003. Deforestation trends in a tropical landscape and implications for endangered large mammals. Conservation Biology 17(1): 245–257.

Kitchener, A. C., Beaumont, M. A. and Richardson, D. 2006. Geographical Variation in the Clouded Leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Reveals Two Species. Current Biology 16: 2377-2383.

Kitchener, A. C., Richardson, D. and Beaumont, M. A. 2007. A new old clouded leopard. Cat News 46: 26-27.

Linkie, M., Smith, R. J. and Leader-Williams, N. 2004. Mapping and predicting deforestation patterns in the lowlands of Sumatra. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 1809-1818.

Santiapillai, C. and Ashby, K. R. 1988. The Clouded leopard in Sumatra. Oryx 22(1): 44.

Uryu, Y. 2008. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and CO2 emissions in Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia. WWF Indonesia Technical Report, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Wilting A., Buckley-Beason, V. A., Feldhaar, H., Gadau, J., O’Brien, S. J. and Linsenmair, S. E. 2007. Clouded leopard phylogeny revisited: support for species and subspecies recognition. Frontiers in Zoology 4: 15.

Wilting, A., Feldhaar, H., Buckley-Beason, V. A., Linsenmair, K. E. and O'Brien, S. J. 2007. Two modern species of clouded leopards: a molecular perspective. Cat News 47: 10-11.

Citation:	Sunarto, Sanderson, J. & Wilting, A. 2008. Neofelis diardi ssp. diardi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 May 2012.
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