Salmo ezenami

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	SALMONIFORMES	SALMONIDAE

Scientific Name:

Salmo ezenami

Species Authority:

Berg, 1948

Common Name/s:

English

–

Kezenoi-am Trout

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v) ver 3.1
Year Assessed:	2008
Assessor/s:	Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.
Reviewer/s:	Bogutskaya, N., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)
Justification: The species is known only from Lake Kezenoi-am (2.4 km²) in the northern Caucasus where it is being impacted by the introduction of Squalius cephalus, which feeds on its fry. Prior to the introduction of Gobio holurus and Squalius cephalus, S. ezenami was the only fish in the lake. Levels of harvesting are unknown as the area is a war zone (Chechnya).

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Russia: Lake Kezenoi-am (formerly Eizenam (Daghestan)) in northern Caucasus at 1870 m above sea level. In 1963, introduced in Lake Mochokh (Daghestan), probably established.
Countries:	Native: Russian Federation
Range Map:	(click map to view full version)

Population [top]

Population:	No information.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Habitat: Lake Kezenoi-am is a mountain lake, 2.4 km²,with a maximum depth of 74 m,, temperatures about 5°C below 20 m and 5-18°C in upper layers in summer, covered by ice in winter, high oxygen concentrations down to bottom year-round and low plankton density. Spawns in lake, close to underwater springs; large-sized form probably migrates to tributaries. Prior to the introduction of Gobio holurus and Squalius cephalus, S. ezenami was the only fish in the lake. Biology: Lacustrine, migrates to tributaries. Two forms are known: small-size (adults 160-260 mm SL, 200-350 g) and large-size (adults 380-1130 mm SL, over 1 kg). Males reproduce for the first time at two years, females at three. Spawning period extends over almost entire year. Young juveniles feed mostly on gammarids, chironomid larvae; larger juveniles and adults feed on molluscs, benthic invertebrates and fry; largest individuals are mostly piscivorous, especially since the introduction of G. holurus.
Systems:	Freshwater

Habitat and Ecology:

Habitat:
Lake Kezenoi-am is a mountain lake, 2.4 km²,with a maximum depth of 74 m,, temperatures about 5°C below 20 m and 5-18°C in upper layers in summer, covered by ice in winter, high oxygen concentrations down to bottom year-round and low plankton density. Spawns in lake, close to underwater springs; large-sized form probably migrates to tributaries. Prior to the introduction of Gobio holurus and Squalius cephalus, S. ezenami was the only fish in the lake.

Biology:
Lacustrine, migrates to tributaries. Two forms are known: small-size (adults 160-260 mm SL, 200-350 g) and large-size (adults 380-1130 mm SL, over 1 kg). Males reproduce for the first time at two years, females at three. Spawning period extends over almost entire year. Young juveniles feed mostly on gammarids, chironomid larvae; larger juveniles and adults feed on molluscs, benthic invertebrates and fry; largest individuals are mostly piscivorous, especially since the introduction of G. holurus.

Systems:

Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Introduction of alien species (Squalius cephalus), which feeds on its fry. The region is hard to access as it is a war zone (Chechnya) so levels of harvesting are unknown.

Major Threat(s):

Introduction of alien species (Squalius cephalus), which feeds on its fry. The region is hard to access as it is a war zone (Chechnya) so levels of harvesting are unknown.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	No information.

Conservation Actions:

No information.

Bibliography [top]

	Berg, L. S. 1948-49. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 1 ( 1948), vols. 2-3 ( 1949). Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad. Danilov-Danilyan, V.I. (ed.). 2001. [Red Data Book of Russian Federation Animals]. AST-Astrel, Moskva. IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008). Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. Saidov, Y.S. and Magomedov, G.M. 1989. [Comparative morphological fundamentals for systematics of trouts and Caspian salmon]. Nauka, Moskva.

Berg, L. S. 1948-49. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 1 ( 1948), vols. 2-3 ( 1949). Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad.

Danilov-Danilyan, V.I. (ed.). 2001. [Red Data Book of Russian Federation Animals]. AST-Astrel, Moskva.

IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008).

Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.

Saidov, Y.S. and Magomedov, G.M. 1989. [Comparative morphological fundamentals for systematics of trouts and Caspian salmon]. Nauka, Moskva.

Citation:	Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Salmo ezenami. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 09 February 2012.
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