Ballerus sapa

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	ACTINOPTERYGII	CYPRINIFORMES	CYPRINIDAE

Scientific Name:

Ballerus sapa

Species Authority:

(Pallas, 1814)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Zobel

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:	2008
Assessor/s:	Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.
Reviewer/s:	Bogutskaya, N., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)
Justification: The species is widespread and expanding its range (through canals and introductions). It is usually rare and may be locally threatened by water pollution. In the upper Danube it proliferates in reservoirs.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Large rivers draining to Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Seas. Introduced or native to Northern Dvina drainage (White Sea basin) where it is quickly spreading from warmer upper reaches (Vychegda system) northward. Introduced in River Volkhov (a Lake Ladoga tributary), in Rhine in 1995 and invasive in Vistula drainage, coming from Black Sea basin through Prypet-Bug canal (connecting Dniepr and Vistula drainages).
Countries:	Native: Austria; Belarus; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Georgia; Germany; Hungary; Kazakhstan; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Moldova; Montenegro; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Switzerland; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Unknown.
Population Trend:	Unknown

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Habitat: Large lowland rivers and estuaries. Spawns in fast-flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation. Biology: Poorly known. Thought to be a rheophilic, nocturnal species. Spawns for the first time at 3-4 years. Spawns in April-May when temperature rises above 8°C. Spawns in large aggregations. Semi-anadromous populations forage in large brackish-water habitats in estuaries around Black Sea. Spawning migration of semi-anadromous individuals start in November (Kura). Feeds on benthic invertebrates.
Systems:	Freshwater

Habitat and Ecology:

Habitat:
Large lowland rivers and estuaries. Spawns in fast-flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation.

Biology:
Poorly known. Thought to be a rheophilic, nocturnal species. Spawns for the first time at 3-4 years. Spawns in April-May when temperature rises above 8°C. Spawns in large aggregations. Semi-anadromous populations forage in large brackish-water habitats in estuaries around Black Sea. Spawning migration of semi-anadromous individuals start in November (Kura). Feeds on benthic invertebrates.

Systems:

Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	May be locally threatened by water pollution.

Major Threat(s):

May be locally threatened by water pollution.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	No information.

Conservation Actions:

No information.

Bibliography [top]

	Banarescu, P. 1964. Fauna Republicii Populare Romîne. Volumul XIII. Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti. Berg, L. S. 1948-49. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 1 ( 1948), vols. 2-3 ( 1949). Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad. IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008). Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.

Banarescu, P. 1964. Fauna Republicii Populare Romîne. Volumul XIII. Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti.

Berg, L. S. 1948-49. [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 1 ( 1948), vols. 2-3 ( 1949). Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad.

IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008).

Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.

Citation:	Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Ballerus sapa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 May 2012.
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