Grallaria ridgelyi

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PASSERIFORMES	FORMICARIIDAE

Scientific Name:

Grallaria ridgelyi

Species Authority:

Krabbe, Agro, Rice, Jacome, Navarrete et al., 1999

Common Name/s:

English

–

Jocotoco Antpitta

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i) ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Mahood, S., Butchart, S.

Contributor/s:

Ridgely, R., Krabbe, N.

Justification:
Although the range of this species has been extended considerably recently, it is still only known from five locations, and much of the intervening habitat is likely to be unsuitable. It occurs at a very low density and has highly specific habitat requirements, so it probably has a very small population. Habitat loss is ongoing within its range so it is likely to be declining. For these reasons it is listed as Endangered.

History:

2004	–	Endangered
2000	–	Endangered
1994	–	Not Recognized
1988	–	Not Recognized

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Grallaria ridgelyi was discovered in 1997 in southern Ecuador. Although its range has been estimated as Tapichalaca Biological Reserve environs, east and south-east to the Cordillera de Tzunantza and southern Cordillera del Condor, south-west to the río Isimanchi, and possibly further north and south², it is currently known only from Tapichalaca Biological Reserve (formerly Quebrada Honda Reserve), adjacent parts of Podocarpus National Park, Cerro Toledo, San Luis, rio Blanco and the Cordillera del Condor, Peru^7,8. Initially, three specimens were taken and c.12 pairs observed¹, but two further specimens have since been collected in both Ecuador and Peru and additional birds noted^2,7. It occurs at an estimated density of six pairs per km² at the type-locality², but at lower densities elsewhere. Very little of the habitat between the known sites is high enough for the species and therefore unlikely to be occupied⁶. It is likely to have a very small population.
Countries:	Native: Ecuador; Peru
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Population estimate = 12 individuals/km2 x 50 km2 (estimated AOO) = 600, i.e. best placed in band 250-999 (density based on observation of estimate of six pairs per km2 at the type-locality [Krabbe et al. 1999])
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It apparently inhabits the undergrowth of wet, montane evergreen forest, with bryophyte-clad, generally low trees and bamboo, within the subtropical zone, at 2,300-2,680 m ². The birds seem to require the existence of a stream (which can be quite small, but must remain moist), and spend a large majority of their time very close to this⁶. Radio telemetry indicates that birds have a large (20-40 hectares) home range⁶. Evidence suggests that it breeds at least in October-November². Stomach contents comprised invertebrate remains, including insects (beetles and ants) and their larvae, worms and millipedes².
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

It apparently inhabits the undergrowth of wet, montane evergreen forest, with bryophyte-clad, generally low trees and bamboo, within the subtropical zone, at 2,300-2,680 m ². The birds seem to require the existence of a stream (which can be quite small, but must remain moist), and spend a large majority of their time very close to this⁶. Radio telemetry indicates that birds have a large (20-40 hectares) home range⁶. Evidence suggests that it breeds at least in October-November². Stomach contents comprised invertebrate remains, including insects (beetles and ants) and their larvae, worms and millipedes².

Systems:

Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	The Tapichalaca Biological Reserve is situated near a road that is frequently used for commercial transport, and much of the area is threatened by logging and gold mining, including areas within Podocarpus National Park¹. Forest degradation is ongoing at a slow rate throughout the region.

Major Threat(s):

The Tapichalaca Biological Reserve is situated near a road that is frequently used for commercial transport, and much of the area is threatened by logging and gold mining, including areas within Podocarpus National Park¹. Forest degradation is ongoing at a slow rate throughout the region.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation Actions Underway The type-locality is within Tapichalaca Biological Reserve, a 22 km² area purchased and managed following the species's discovery^2,3,5. It also occurs in the adjacent Podocarpus National Park², but only along the southern border, where threats from human settlement and gold miners are most concentrated⁴. A revised management plan for the area has been devised, and a public awareness campaign highlighting the park's importance has been initiated⁴. Conservation Actions Proposed Survey, using tape-playback, to clarify its population and distribution. Research its ecology. Manage Podocarpus National Park for the greater benefit of threatened species.

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions Underway
The type-locality is within Tapichalaca Biological Reserve, a 22 km² area purchased and managed following the species's discovery^2,3,5. It also occurs in the adjacent Podocarpus National Park², but only along the southern border, where threats from human settlement and gold miners are most concentrated⁴. A revised management plan for the area has been devised, and a public awareness campaign highlighting the park's importance has been initiated⁴.

Conservation Actions Proposed
Survey, using tape-playback, to clarify its population and distribution. Research its ecology. Manage Podocarpus National Park for the greater benefit of threatened species.

Bibliography [top]

	Heinz, M.; Schmidt, V.; Schaefer, M. 2005. New distributional record for the Jocotoco Antpitta Grallaria ridgelyi in south Ecuador. Cotinga 23: 24-26. Koeppel, D. 1998. Eureka! An Antpitta! Audubon 100: 96-101. Krabbe, N.; Agro, D. J.; Rice, N. H.; Jacome, M.; Navarette, L.; Sornoza M, F. 1999. A new species of antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the southern Ecuadorian Andes. The Auk 116: 882-890. O'Neil, J. P. O. 2006. Museum expedition to Northern Peru (2006). Museum Quarterly: LSU Museum of Natural Science: 8-12. Ridgely, R. S.; Greenfield, P. J. 2001. The birds of Ecuador: status, distribution and taxonomy. Cornell University Press and Christopher Helm, Ithaca and London. Snyder, N.; McGowan, P.; Gilardi, J.; Grajal, A. 2000. Parrots: status survey and conservation action plan 2000-2004. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Sornoza Molina, F. 2000. Fundación Jocotoco: conservation action in Ecuador. World Birdwatch 22: 14-17.

Heinz, M.; Schmidt, V.; Schaefer, M. 2005. New distributional record for the Jocotoco Antpitta Grallaria ridgelyi in south Ecuador. Cotinga 23: 24-26.

Koeppel, D. 1998. Eureka! An Antpitta! Audubon 100: 96-101.

Krabbe, N.; Agro, D. J.; Rice, N. H.; Jacome, M.; Navarette, L.; Sornoza M, F. 1999. A new species of antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the southern Ecuadorian Andes. The Auk 116: 882-890.

O'Neil, J. P. O. 2006. Museum expedition to Northern Peru (2006). Museum Quarterly: LSU Museum of Natural Science: 8-12.

Ridgely, R. S.; Greenfield, P. J. 2001. The birds of Ecuador: status, distribution and taxonomy. Cornell University Press and Christopher Helm, Ithaca and London.

Snyder, N.; McGowan, P.; Gilardi, J.; Grajal, A. 2000. Parrots: status survey and conservation action plan 2000-2004. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Sornoza Molina, F. 2000. Fundación Jocotoco: conservation action in Ecuador. World Birdwatch 22: 14-17.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2008. Grallaria ridgelyi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 22 May 2012.
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