Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster
| Kingdom |
Phylum |
Class |
Order |
Family |
| ANIMALIA |
CHORDATA |
AVES |
PASSERIFORMES |
ICTERIDAE |
| Scientific Name: |
Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster |
| Species Authority: |
(De Tarragon, 1847) |
Common Name/s:
| English |
– |
Red-bellied Grackle |
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Assessment Information
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| Red List Category & Criteria: |
Endangered
B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
ver 3.1
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| Year Published: |
2008 |
| Assessor/s: |
BirdLife International |
| Reviewer/s: |
Gilroy, J., Butchart, S., Pople, R. |
| Contributor/s: |
Downing, C., Salaman, P., Cuervo, A. |
Justification:
Although recent surveys have shown this species to occur at more sites than previously known, its remaining habitat is very limited, severely fragmented and declining, probably at an increasing rate. Its population is very small, and the component subpopulations extremely small and declining. As a result of this combination of factors, it qualifies as Endangered.
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| History: |
| 2004 |
– |
Endangered
|
| 2000 |
– |
Endangered
|
| 1996 |
– |
Endangered
|
| 1994 |
– |
Endangered
|
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Geographic Range
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| Range Description: |
Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster is known from all three Andean ranges of Colombia. It has been recorded in the West Andes from Cerro Tatamá north, in the Central Andes from Antioquia (many historical and a few modern sites), south locally to Putumayo4, and in the south of the East Andes in south Huila and west Caquetá. During the 20th century, it was extirpated from much of its former range and, since 1980, has been recorded very locally in small numbers, although it is quite common in the mountains around Medellín and La Linda, Las Nubes and La Noque, Antioquia2,4,5,7. Recently, it has been found at a number of new sites, for example at Amalfi in department Antioquia8.
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| Countries: |
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| Range Map: |
Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
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Population
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| Population: |
Population estimate = 2.8-6.0 individuals/km2 x 300 km2 (20% EOO) = 840-1,800, but probably best placed in band 1,000-2,499 as EOO and AOO potentially larger than estimated [Renjifo et al. 2002] (density estimate from lower quartile to median of 21 estimates for 15 species of icterid in the BirdLife Population Densities Spreadsheet).
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| Population Trend: |
Decreasing
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Habitat and Ecology
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| Habitat and Ecology: |
It inhabits the canopy and borders of humid montane forest, including plantations of non-native trees, scrubby areas and old second growth, mostly at elevations of 800-2,400 m. It usually occurs in groups of up to 16, fewer when breeding2, foraging actively for fruit and insects. Nests have been found during January-April2,3 in the Central Andes of Antioquia, with records of breeding-condition birds, immatures and nestlings between March and August in other parts of Colombia. Cooperative breeding has been recorded2,3.
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| Systems: |
Terrestrial |
| Major Threat(s): |
The historical decline of this species is attributed to the extensive clearance of its habitat, principally through timber extraction and agricultural development, and remaining fragments are subject to continuing human pressure. Tatamá and Cueva de los Guácharos National Parks are affected by settlers, with extensive deforestation in the former, and opium production in the latter5. However, increases in forest cover in some areas, e.g. Otun-Quimbaya reserve and Ucumari forest, have failed to result in population increases, suggesting that other factors may also be involved8. It is sometimes persecuted as a maize crop-pest, and is trapped for the cage-bird trade1,2.
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Conservation Actions
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| Conservation Actions: |
Conservation Actions Underway
There are recent records from a number of protected areas, including Las Orquídeas (Antioquia), Cueva de los Guácharos (Huila), Cordillera de los Pichachos (Caquetá) and Tatamá (Risaralda/Chocó/Valle del Cauca) National Parks, as well as Ucumarí Regional Park (Risaralda)4,5,6. It is reportedly common in La Forzosa Nature Reserve, Alto San Miguel Ecological Reserve, and La Romera and La Serrana Municipal Reserves (all Antioquia)6. New reserves gazetted for the protection of Yellow-eared Parrot Ognorhynchus icterotis in Antiquoia are also likely to harbour populations of this species7. Captive birds were released from Santafé Zoo into the mountains around Medellín during 1997-19982.
Conservation Actions Proposed
Conduct further surveys of the distribution of both birds and habitat, particularly in Antioquia5, and the poorly known, but relatively intact, forests from Caquetá to Putumayo. Ensure protection of forest remnants in Antioquia2,4,7. Fund and improve the implementation and enforcement of conservation measures in protected areas4,6. Organise a campaign to stop trade in wild-caught birds2.
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