Procnias nudicollis

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PASSERIFORMES	COTINGIDAE

Scientific Name:

Procnias nudicollis

Species Authority:

(Vieillot, 1817)

Common Name/s:

English

–

Bare-throated Bellbird

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Vulnerable A2cd+3cd+4cd ver 3.1

Year Published:

2008

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Butchart, S. & Symes, A.

Contributor/s:

Bodrati, A., De Luca, A., Develey, P., Guimarães Diniz, M. & Olmos, F.

Justification:
The combination of increased rates of habitat loss and more intense trapping pressures within this species's range in Paraguay and Brazil mean that its population is likely to have been undergoing rapid declines. For these reasons the species qualifies as Vulnerable.

History:

2004	–	Vulnerable
1988	–	Near Threatened

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Procnias nudicollis is known from a wide area of east Brazil (Alagoas south to Rio Grande do Sul and inland to south Mato Grosso), north-east Argentina (Misiones, with one record in Corrientes) and east Paraguay (west to Concepción)^1,7,8. The species is considered extinct from remnant forest patches of north-eastern Brazil north of the São Francisco river, where it was formerly known from the Murici area¹¹. It is locally relatively common in Brazil¹¹ and Paraguay (especially in Canindeyú, San Pedro, and Amambay)¹⁵, but rare in Argentina¹⁴, in the canopy and borders of Atlantic forest up to 1,000 m. The species is believed to be migratory in south-east Brazil, although its migratory patterns are poorly-known and likely to be complex. Similarly, records in Misiones, Argentina, suggest that it is only transient in this country⁶. Only in north-eastern Paraguay is the species believed to be resident⁶, where it is locally common at a few isolated sites.
Countries:	Native: Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Although locally fairly common, it is rare at many sites; population probably closer to the upper limit of the above band. This population estimate is provisional and requires confirmation.
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Where migratory Procnias nudicollis probably follows a complex migration route that may be linked to fruit production, with males calling, and thus apparently acting territorially, en route^3,6,8. The only records of multiple individuals from Argentina were in September, in forest with Euterpe edulis and Aspidosperma polyneuron, a habitat where the species is also found in Paraguay¹⁵.
Systems:	Terrestrial

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	The population has unquestionably declined owing to deforestation and heavy trapping pressure for the cage-bird trade, particularly in Brazil^2,8,9,10. Trapping pressure may be particularly heavy in southern Bahia, São Paulo and Santa Catarina and the population size is therefore difficult to assess in these areas¹¹. Numerous individuals were seen in cages between Serra das Lontras and Una Biological Reserve, southern Bahia¹³. In north-east Paraguay deforestation was 20% between 1997 and 2001, and appears to be continuing at a similar rate. The Paraguayan population is also coming under increasing pressure from trapping (historically a localised threat), with both males and females readily available in Asunción every year. Agricultural conversion and deforestation for mining and plantation production historically threatened its habitat⁵. Current key threats are urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural expansion, colonisation and associated road-building⁴.

Major Threat(s):

The population has unquestionably declined owing to deforestation and heavy trapping pressure for the cage-bird trade, particularly in Brazil^2,8,9,10. Trapping pressure may be particularly heavy in southern Bahia, São Paulo and Santa Catarina and the population size is therefore difficult to assess in these areas¹¹. Numerous individuals were seen in cages between Serra das Lontras and Una Biological Reserve, southern Bahia¹³. In north-east Paraguay deforestation was 20% between 1997 and 2001, and appears to be continuing at a similar rate. The Paraguayan population is also coming under increasing pressure from trapping (historically a localised threat), with both males and females readily available in Asunción every year. Agricultural conversion and deforestation for mining and plantation production historically threatened its habitat⁵. Current key threats are urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural expansion, colonisation and associated road-building⁴.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation Actions Underway It has been recorded in Iguazú National Park, Misiones, Argentina¹², but birds may only occur there on migration. In Paraguay, there are few protected areas with populations of this species¹⁵. Conservation Actions Proposed Reduce trapping for the cage bird trade through monitoring and awareness campaigns. Evaluate status in Establecimiento San Jorge and neigbouring Iguazú National Park and Urugua-í Provincial Park, Misiones, Argentina, to determine whether the species occurs regularly or only passes through¹⁴. Protect sites in Paraguay where there are still populations of the species.

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions Underway
It has been recorded in Iguazú National Park, Misiones, Argentina¹², but birds may only occur there on migration. In Paraguay, there are few protected areas with populations of this species¹⁵.

Conservation Actions Proposed
Reduce trapping for the cage bird trade through monitoring and awareness campaigns. Evaluate status in Establecimiento San Jorge and neigbouring Iguazú National Park and Urugua-í Provincial Park, Misiones, Argentina, to determine whether the species occurs regularly or only passes through¹⁴. Protect sites in Paraguay where there are still populations of the species.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2008. Procnias nudicollis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 May 2012.
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