Phoenicoparrus jamesi

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

Conservation Actions

View Printer Friendly

Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	PHOENICOPTERIFORMES	PHOENICOPTERIDAE

Scientific Name:

Phoenicoparrus jamesi

Species Authority:

Sclater, 1886

Common Name/s:

English	–	James's Flamingo, Puna Flamingo
Spanish	–	Flamenco Andino Chico, Flamenco de James, Parina Chica

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Near Threatened ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2008

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Symes, A., Butchart, S.

Contributor/s:

Rocha, O.

Justification:
This species is classified as Near Threatened as it suffered rapid declines during the twentieth century owing to exploitation and declining habitat quality, but its population has since begun to show signs of recovery. Overall it has undergone a moderately rapid decline over the last three generations (48 years).

History:

2006	–	Near Threatened
2004	–	Near Threatened
1996	–	Vulnerable
1994	–	Vulnerable

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	Phoenicoparrus jamesi occurs on the high Andean plateaus of Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina, with small numbers occurring around the lowland Laguna Mar Chiquita, Argentina¹. The only regular breeding sites are Lagunas Colorada and Guayaques, Bolivia, with up to 41,000 birds recorded at the former and recruitment appearing to depend almost exclusively on this site^2,6,10, but another colony has flourished at Salar de Tara, Chile³ and birds are also present in summer at Lagunas de Vilama and Laguna Grande, Argentina¹⁰. The population probably declined rapidly during the 20th century², but has started to increase⁸, presumably owing to the success of conservation programmes, and a coordinated census in 2005 estimated the population to be 100,000 birds⁹. Breeding success varies greatly from year to year, with threats mostly impacting on productivity, but the 1999-2000 season was extraordinarily successful, and 18,000 chicks hatched at Laguna Colorada⁸.
Countries:	Native: Argentina; Bolivia; Chile; Peru
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Estimate based on coordinated census in January 2005 (unpublished information supplied by Wetlands International Specialist Groups to Wetlands International 2006).
Population Trend:	Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	It is found mainly on saline lakes in the high Andean plateaus, where it feeds mainly on diatoms, but it is also a partial elevational migrant which moves to lower altitude lakes in the non-breeding season.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	Levels of diatoms may be affected by climate change to the detriment of flamingo food resources. Egg-collecting and hunting were intensive during the 20th century^4,5, but have been controlled in protected areas. Mining activity and the associated demand for water, as well as tourism are further threats to some wetlands.

Major Threat(s):

Levels of diatoms may be affected by climate change to the detriment of flamingo food resources. Egg-collecting and hunting were intensive during the 20th century^4,5, but have been controlled in protected areas. Mining activity and the associated demand for water, as well as tourism are further threats to some wetlands.

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Conservation Actions Underway The key protected area is Eduardo Avaroa National Faunal Reserve, Bolivia⁸. International and national conservation programmes have been organised in all four countries^2,8, and will hopefully continue to encourage population growth. CITES Appendix II. CMS Appendix I and II. Conservation Actions Proposed Continue simultaneous surveys during breeding season to monitor population. Increase network of protected areas to include vital sites in Argentina¹⁰. Investigate feasibility of creating a trinational reserve integrating management of sites in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile to protect key breeding colonies and congregation sites¹⁰.

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions Underway
The key protected area is Eduardo Avaroa National Faunal Reserve, Bolivia⁸. International and national conservation programmes have been organised in all four countries^2,8, and will hopefully continue to encourage population growth. CITES Appendix II. CMS Appendix I and II.

Conservation Actions Proposed
Continue simultaneous surveys during breeding season to monitor population. Increase network of protected areas to include vital sites in Argentina¹⁰. Investigate feasibility of creating a trinational reserve integrating management of sites in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile to protect key breeding colonies and congregation sites¹⁰.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2008. Phoenicoparrus jamesi. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 07 February 2012.
Disclaimer:	To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
Feedback:	If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided