Glareola pratincola
Taxonomy [top]
| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANIMALIA | CHORDATA | AVES | CHARADRIIFORMES | GLAREOLIDAE |
| Scientific Name: | Glareola pratincola | ||||||
| Species Authority: | (Linnaeus, 1766) | ||||||
Common Name/s:
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Assessment Information [top]
| Red List Category & Criteria: | Least Concern ver 3.1 | ||||||
| Year Published: | 2009 | ||||||
| Assessor/s: | BirdLife International | ||||||
| Reviewer/s: | Bird, J., Butchart, S. | ||||||
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Justification: This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. |
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| History: |
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Geographic Range [top]
| Countries: |
Native:
Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Angola; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Benin; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus; Egypt; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; France; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Ghana; Greece; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Hungary; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lebanon; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malawi; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Moldova; Montenegro; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Portugal; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Sierra Leone; Slovenia; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Swaziland; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Western Sahara; Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Vagrant:
Barbados; Belgium; Brazil; China; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Finland; Germany; Gibraltar; Ireland; Latvia; Mauritius; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Seychelles; Slovakia; Sweden; United Kingdom
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| Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
Habitat and Ecology [top]
| Habitat and Ecology: | Behaviour Northern populations of this species are fully migratory1, 2 and many African populations are nomadic1. The species nests colonially in small groups of 10-20 or up to 100 pairs1 and is highly gregarious throughout the year2, foraging in groups and regularly occurring in flocks of more than 1,000 individuals on migration1. Habitat The species breeds on flat open areas1 with short or patchy vegetation2 such as fields, steppe plains near water1 the margins of alkaline lakes and dried mudflats2 in Eurasia1. In Africa it frequents ploughed fields2, recently burnt open ground, overgrazed grassland, alkaline flats and sandflats1 usually along the edges of larger rivers and estuaries1. It may also forage over water, in rice-fields or in coastal scrubland1, occurring along coasts, at reservoirs or desert oases on migration2. Diet Its diet consists of large insects (e.g. Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Isoptera), spiders and molluscs1. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape or depression on the ground on dry mudflats and sandflats1. |
| Systems: | Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine |
Threats [top]
| Major Threat(s): | The species is threatened by the use of herbicides and insecticides, and by changes to its preferred habitats (e.g. changes in water levels, ploughing of grasslands, artificial irrigation and fertilisation, changes in traditional grazing regimes, increasing urban encroachment and human disturbance)1. |
Bibliography [top]
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del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Hayman, P.; Marchant, J.; Prater, A. J. 1986. Shorebirds. Croom Helm, London. |
| Citation: | BirdLife International 2009. Glareola pratincola. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 May 2012. |
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