| Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANIMALIA | CHORDATA | AVES | CHARADRIIFORMES | CHARADRIIDAE |
| Scientific Name: | Pluvialis squatarola | ||||||
| Species Authority: | (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||||||
Common Name/s:
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| Red List Category & Criteria: | Least Concern ver 3.1 | |||||||||
| Year Assessed: | 2011 | |||||||||
| Assessor/s: | BirdLife International | |||||||||
| Reviewer/s: | Taylor, J., Butchart, S., Bird, J. | |||||||||
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Justification: This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. |
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| History: |
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| Countries: |
Native:
Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Angola; Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Aruba; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Bermuda; Bolivia; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Brazil; British Indian Ocean Territory; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Chile; China; Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Costa Rica; Côte d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France; French Guiana; Gabon; Gambia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Hong Kong; Hungary; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Madagascar; Malaysia; Maldives; Malta; Marshall Islands; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mexico; Mongolia; Montenegro; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nepal; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Nigeria; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Réunion; Romania; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Martin (French part); Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks and Caicos Islands; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.; Western Sahara; Yemen; Zimbabwe
Vagrant:
Botswana; Burundi; Chad; Christmas Island; Cook Islands; Faroe Islands; Fiji; Gibraltar; Greenland; Iceland; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Luxembourg; Malawi; Mali; Nauru; Niger; Rwanda; Saint Helena; Sao Tomé and Principe; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Swaziland; Zambia
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| Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
| Population: | The global population is estimated at 692,000 individuals according to WPE3 population data, which are considered complete. |
| Habitat and Ecology: | Behaviour This species is fully migratory1. It departs its breeding grounds from late-July to September (southward movements continuing into November)1, 2 and returns from late-May to June1. It breeds from May to August2 in solitary well-dispersed pairs1 and forages alone or in small loose flocks3 of up to 30 individuals1. It is gregarious during the winter however, often roosting in large flocks containing up to several thousand individuals1. Habitat Breeding The species nests in the high Arctic in both upland and valley locations1 between the treeline and the coast4 , utilising dry stony tundra with sedge, moss, lichen1, grass3 or dwarf birch4, peat ridges in tundra marshes3, dry exposed ridges, riverbanks, raised sand or gravel beaches, and rocky slopes3. Non-breeding Outside of the breeding season the species frequents intertidal mudflats, saltmarshes1, sandflats1, 3 and beaches1 of oceanic coastlines, bays and estuaries3. During migration it may also be found inland on lakes, pools or grasslands1. Diet Breeding During the breeding season the diet of this species consists largely of adult and larval insects such as beetles and Diptera1 as well as some plant matter (e.g. grass seeds and stems)1. Non-breeding When on the coast in its wintering range the species takes marine polychaete worms, molluscs and crustaceans1 (e.g. crabs, sand shrimps)3, occasionally also taking insects (e.g. grasshoppers and beetles) or earthworms when in inland habitats on passage1. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape1 on dry ground in exposed, stony sites4, neighbouring nests not less than 400 m apart1. Management information In the UK there is evidence that the removal of Spartina anglica from tidal mudflats using a herbicide is beneficial for the species5. |
| Systems: | Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine |
| Citation: | BirdLife International 2011. Pluvialis squatarola. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 08 February 2012. |
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