Phalaropus lobatus

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Bibliography

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	CHARADRIIFORMES	SCOLOPACIDAE

Scientific Name:

Phalaropus lobatus

Species Authority:

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Red-necked Phalarope
French	–	Phalarope à bec étroit

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published:

2009

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Bird, J., Butchart, S.

Justification:
This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

History:

2008	–	Least Concern
2004	–	Least Concern

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:	The Red-necked Phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, wintering pelagically off central-western South America, in the Arabian Sea, and from central Indonesia to western Melanesia¹.
Countries:	Native: Afghanistan; Aruba; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Belarus; Belgium; Canada; Chile; China; Colombia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Ecuador; Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Faroe Islands; Finland; France; Germany; Greenland; Hong Kong; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Malaysia; Netherlands; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Qatar; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Somalia; Spain; Svalbard and Jan Mayen; Sweden; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States; Uzbekistan; Viet Nam; Yemen Vagrant: Algeria; Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Bahamas; Belize; Bermuda; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burundi; Cayman Islands; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cuba; Djibouti; Dominican Republic; El Salvador; Ethiopia; Georgia; Gibraltar; Greece; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Hungary; Italy; Jamaica; Kenya; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Luxembourg; Malta; Mauritania; Mexico; Moldova; Mongolia; Montenegro; Morocco; Namibia; Nepal; Netherlands Antilles; New Zealand; Nigeria; Northern Mariana Islands; Panama; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Romania; Serbia; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Slovakia; Slovenia; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Tunisia; Turks and Caicos Islands; Uganda; Zambia Present - origin uncertain: Palau
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Population [top]

Population:	Total regarded as a minimum by Wetlands International (2006).

Population:

Total regarded as a minimum by Wetlands International (2006).

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Behaviour This species is fully migratory and travels over land on both broad and narrow fronts¹ using favoured lakes as staging points on route². It breeds from late-May to August² in solitary pairs, occasionally forming loose colonies where suitable habitat is restricted¹. The species leaves the breeding grounds between late-June and early-September², migrating in gregarious flocks and wintering at sea in flocks of 20-100¹. Habitat Breeding The species breeds in the Arctic on coastal and inland tundra, forest tundra and alpine tundra near lakes, pools¹, ponds, lagoons, streams or other permanent water-bodies³ with marshy margins overgrown with grass, sedge or moss^{1, 3} in freshwater marshes and bogs². It may also frequent coastal moorland, flood-plains and islets in large rivers, and in Iceland it commonly nests on sparsely vegetated lava deserts¹. Non-breeding On passage the species frequents inland saline and hypersaline lakes¹ as well as reservoirs, sewage-ponds and coastal marshes². During the winter it is largely pelagic however, foraging at sea in upwelling zones and marine areas with a high abundance of plankton¹. Diet Breeding In its breeding range its diet consists of insects (especially adult and larval Diptera, beetles, caddisflies, ants and Hemiptera) and other small invertebrates (e.g. snails, crustaceans and annelid worms)¹, larval amphibians (tadpoles)³ and seeds¹. Non-breeding On passage the species may take larval brine-flies (Ephydra spp.) from saline lakes, but when feeding pelagically during the winter it feeds on zooplankton (e.g. euphausiids and calanoid copepods) and other floating planktonic particles¹. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape on bare ground or amongst sparse vegetation¹ in sedge thickets or damp, grassy or hummocky areas close to water⁴. Management information In the UK management regimes to benefit the species include increasing the area of open water in mires by digging small pools, controlling water-levels and providing tussocky vegetation suitable for nesting (through grazing by ponies and cattle)⁵.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine

Habitat and Ecology:

Behaviour This species is fully migratory and travels over land on both broad and narrow fronts¹ using favoured lakes as staging points on route². It breeds from late-May to August² in solitary pairs, occasionally forming loose colonies where suitable habitat is restricted¹. The species leaves the breeding grounds between late-June and early-September², migrating in gregarious flocks and wintering at sea in flocks of 20-100¹. Habitat Breeding The species breeds in the Arctic on coastal and inland tundra, forest tundra and alpine tundra near lakes, pools¹, ponds, lagoons, streams or other permanent water-bodies³ with marshy margins overgrown with grass, sedge or moss^{1, 3} in freshwater marshes and bogs². It may also frequent coastal moorland, flood-plains and islets in large rivers, and in Iceland it commonly nests on sparsely vegetated lava deserts¹. Non-breeding On passage the species frequents inland saline and hypersaline lakes¹ as well as reservoirs, sewage-ponds and coastal marshes². During the winter it is largely pelagic however, foraging at sea in upwelling zones and marine areas with a high abundance of plankton¹. Diet Breeding In its breeding range its diet consists of insects (especially adult and larval Diptera, beetles, caddisflies, ants and Hemiptera) and other small invertebrates (e.g. snails, crustaceans and annelid worms)¹, larval amphibians (tadpoles)³ and seeds¹. Non-breeding On passage the species may take larval brine-flies (Ephydra spp.) from saline lakes, but when feeding pelagically during the winter it feeds on zooplankton (e.g. euphausiids and calanoid copepods) and other floating planktonic particles¹. Breeding site The nest is a shallow scrape on bare ground or amongst sparse vegetation¹ in sedge thickets or damp, grassy or hummocky areas close to water⁴. Management information In the UK management regimes to benefit the species include increasing the area of open water in mires by digging small pools, controlling water-levels and providing tussocky vegetation suitable for nesting (through grazing by ponies and cattle)⁵.

Systems:

Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine

Bibliography [top]

	del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Flint, V. E.; Boehme, R. L.; Kostin, Y. V.; Kuznetsov, A. A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Hayman, P.; Marchant, J.; Prater, A. J. 1986. Shorebirds. Croom Helm, London. Johnsgard, P. A. 1981. The plovers, sandpipers and snipes of the world. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, U.S.A. and London. O'Brien, M.; Newbery, P.; Suddaby, D. 1997. Action for breeding red-necked phalaropes in Scotland. RSPB Conservation Review 11: 74-79.

del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Flint, V. E.; Boehme, R. L.; Kostin, Y. V.; Kuznetsov, A. A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Hayman, P.; Marchant, J.; Prater, A. J. 1986. Shorebirds. Croom Helm, London.

Johnsgard, P. A. 1981. The plovers, sandpipers and snipes of the world. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, U.S.A. and London.

O'Brien, M.; Newbery, P.; Suddaby, D. 1997. Action for breeding red-necked phalaropes in Scotland. RSPB Conservation Review 11: 74-79.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2009. Phalaropus lobatus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 May 2012.
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