Calidris temminckii

Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Habitat and Ecology

Threats

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	AVES	CHARADRIIFORMES	SCOLOPACIDAE

Scientific Name:

Calidris temminckii

Species Authority:

(Leisler, 1812)

Common Name/s:

English	–	Temminck's Stint
French	–	Bécasseau de Temminck

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:

Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Assessed:

2009

Assessor/s:

BirdLife International

Reviewer/s:

Bird, J., Butchart, S.

Justification:
This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend is not known, but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

History:

2008	–	Least Concern
2004	–	Least Concern

Geographic Range [top]

Countries:	Native: Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Belarus; Belgium; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; China; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Guinea; Hong Kong; Hungary; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Mongolia; Morocco; Myanmar; Nepal; Netherlands; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; Uzbekistan; Viet Nam; Yemen Vagrant: Armenia; British Indian Ocean Territory; Burkina Faso; Croatia; Guam; Ireland; Montenegro; Northern Mariana Islands; Serbia; United States; Zambia
Range Map:	Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Countries:

Native:

Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Belarus; Belgium; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; China; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Egypt; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Guinea; Hong Kong; Hungary; India; Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Mongolia; Morocco; Myanmar; Nepal; Netherlands; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territory, Occupied; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Romania; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia; Somalia; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan, Province of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania, United Republic of; Thailand; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; Uzbekistan; Viet Nam; Yemen

Vagrant:

Armenia; British Indian Ocean Territory; Burkina Faso; Croatia; Guam; Ireland; Montenegro; Northern Mariana Islands; Serbia; United States; Zambia

Range Map:

Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Behaviour This species is a full migrant, migrating on a broad front¹ overland across the full width of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East². Adults leave their young in July before they are fully fledged and migrate south to the wintering grounds²; juveniles then leave the breeding grounds in early-August². Some individuals also winter in Europe as far north as Britain^1.The species arrives in the wintering grounds in Africa from late-July to October, and departs for the return migration in late-March to April¹, breeding between late-May and early-July on returning to the breeding range¹. The species feeds singly or in groups of up to 30 individuals¹ and migrates singly or in small parties, although between 100 and 250 individuals have been encountered at some European staging sites². Habitat Breeding This species breeds in arctic tundra, shrub tundra and forest tundra along flood-plains¹, although it avoids extremely cold conditions and exposed coasts². It is mainly found near coastal inlets, fjords, deltas, rivers or streams from sea level to 250 m, but also occurs up to 1,200 m inland² on flat, clear ground with little vegetation, areas covered with short grass and interspersed with patches of scrub¹, areas with grasses, sedges or Empetrum, and scrub willow or birch thickets with sandy or gravelly stretches⁴. Both dry and wet areas are used, but habitats with elevated locations such as boulders or buildings are preferred because of their use as song perches⁴. In Scandinavia the species also breeds near fishing huts and houses, and in industrial workings⁷. Non-breeding Outside of the breeding season the species inhabits inland freshwater wetlands such as flood-lands, irrigated fields, sewage farms, densely vegetated wetlands^{1, 2}, ditches, muddy marshes and lake edges³, and on the coast shows a strong preference for mudflats in sheltered inlets, estuaries and saltmarshes, whilst tending to avoid open and sandy beaches². Diet On the breeding grounds and in inland habitats the diet of this species consists primarily of insects and their larvae (especially beetles and Diptera such as craneflies and midges)^{1, 4}, as well as the occasional plant matter¹. On the coasts the species takes annelids, crustaceans¹ (such as sand fleas)⁴ and small molluscs¹. Breeding site The nest is a shallow cup² on the ground in the open or amongst low vegetation^{1, 2}, often at the base of small willows, junipers or other shrubs⁴.
Systems:	Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine

Habitat and Ecology:

Behaviour This species is a full migrant, migrating on a broad front¹ overland across the full width of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East². Adults leave their young in July before they are fully fledged and migrate south to the wintering grounds²; juveniles then leave the breeding grounds in early-August². Some individuals also winter in Europe as far north as Britain^1.The species arrives in the wintering grounds in Africa from late-July to October, and departs for the return migration in late-March to April¹, breeding between late-May and early-July on returning to the breeding range¹. The species feeds singly or in groups of up to 30 individuals¹ and migrates singly or in small parties, although between 100 and 250 individuals have been encountered at some European staging sites². Habitat Breeding This species breeds in arctic tundra, shrub tundra and forest tundra along flood-plains¹, although it avoids extremely cold conditions and exposed coasts². It is mainly found near coastal inlets, fjords, deltas, rivers or streams from sea level to 250 m, but also occurs up to 1,200 m inland² on flat, clear ground with little vegetation, areas covered with short grass and interspersed with patches of scrub¹, areas with grasses, sedges or Empetrum, and scrub willow or birch thickets with sandy or gravelly stretches⁴. Both dry and wet areas are used, but habitats with elevated locations such as boulders or buildings are preferred because of their use as song perches⁴. In Scandinavia the species also breeds near fishing huts and houses, and in industrial workings⁷. Non-breeding Outside of the breeding season the species inhabits inland freshwater wetlands such as flood-lands, irrigated fields, sewage farms, densely vegetated wetlands^{1, 2}, ditches, muddy marshes and lake edges³, and on the coast shows a strong preference for mudflats in sheltered inlets, estuaries and saltmarshes, whilst tending to avoid open and sandy beaches². Diet On the breeding grounds and in inland habitats the diet of this species consists primarily of insects and their larvae (especially beetles and Diptera such as craneflies and midges)^{1, 4}, as well as the occasional plant matter¹. On the coasts the species takes annelids, crustaceans¹ (such as sand fleas)⁴ and small molluscs¹. Breeding site The nest is a shallow cup² on the ground in the open or amongst low vegetation^{1, 2}, often at the base of small willows, junipers or other shrubs⁴.

Systems:

Terrestrial; Freshwater; Marine

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	This species is threatened by nest predation^{5, 6} from Common Gull Larus canus and Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres⁶, as well as from Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix, weasel Mustela nivalis, American mink Mustela vison and fox Vulpes vulpes in Finland⁷. It is also threatened in its Scandinavian breeding range by shrinkage and deterioration of suitable habitats (due to eutrophication and the overgrazing of shore meadows), and by increased human recreational disturbance due to the building up of breeding sites (trampling and disturbance often lead to increased hatchling predation and abandonment of nests)⁷. The species is also susceptible to avian influenza and may therefore be threatened by future outbreaks of the virus⁸.

Major Threat(s):

This species is threatened by nest predation^{5, 6} from Common Gull Larus canus and Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres⁶, as well as from Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix, weasel Mustela nivalis, American mink Mustela vison and fox Vulpes vulpes in Finland⁷. It is also threatened in its Scandinavian breeding range by shrinkage and deterioration of suitable habitats (due to eutrophication and the overgrazing of shore meadows), and by increased human recreational disturbance due to the building up of breeding sites (trampling and disturbance often lead to increased hatchling predation and abandonment of nests)⁷. The species is also susceptible to avian influenza and may therefore be threatened by future outbreaks of the virus⁸.

Citation:	BirdLife International 2009. Calidris temminckii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012.
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